Geospatial Functions

The geospatial functions follow operations implemented using ESRI’s widely-used public domain geometry library of API functions (https://github.com/Esri/geometry-api-java/wiki). This topic describes each function.

Data Types and Arguments

Arguments and return values are transient objects that are internal to Graph Lakehouse. The values may contain arbitrarily long sequences of raw data bytes. These objects cannot be directly persisted to the graph store, however, a Custom object (return value of a function) can be bound to a variable (using a BIND expression) and can be passed to functions as arguments.

The life span of a Custom object handle cannot exceed one query. A Custom object has to be serialized into some form of text string or a URI of a user-defined data type to return as query results or save in the graph store.

Some functions include arguments labeled as x, y, and z. These arguments correspond to longitude (x), latitude (y), and height or altitude (z) values in standard geospatial coordinate systems. Coordinates that specify an x, y location in a Cartesian coordinate system or an x, y, z coordinate in a three dimensional system represent locations on the Earth’s surface relative to other locations. In addition to the Cartesian coordinate system, the Graph Lakehouse geospatial functions support other coordinate systems including Spherical, Cylindrical, and Elliptical.

Representations of function syntax included in this topic use braces ([arg]) to represent optional arguments. In addition, the convention, arg1 [, ..., argN] is used to indicate when you can include any number of arguments, 1 to N. Similarly, for functions that require an index argument, such as ST_PointN, the index values also range from 1 to N.

Geospatial functions use geometry inputs provided in the following forms:

  • WKT String geometry
  • WKTLiteral geometry
  • GMLLiteral geometry
  • Graph Lakehouse Custom geometry data type (wrapper encapsulation of the OGCGeometry standard data type from the ESRI library)

The Graph Lakehouse geospatial functions follow the standards below for reading and parsing particular geometry values:

  • For GML readers and GML literal values, the functions support GML version 2.0 and use the CRS 84 coordinate system by default.
  • The Shape (.shp) file reader supports version 1000.
  • For WKT geometry parsing, the functions follow the WKT version 1 standard and use the 4326 coordinate system by default.
  • The KML reader follows the version 2.2.0 standard.

Functions

The geospatial functions are grouped by the following categories:

  • Point and Multipoint Functions: These functions operate on Point (a single location in space that has, at a minimum, an x-coordinate and y-coordinate) and MulitPoint (an ordered collection of points) shapes.
  • LineString and MultiLineString Functions: These functions operate on LineString (a sequence of points with boundary endpoints) and MultiLineString (a collection of LineStrings) shapes.
  • Polygon Functions: These functions operate on Polygons, MultiPolygons, Circle and Circle Arc Polygons, Ellipse and Elliptical Arc Polygons, Rectangle Polygons, and Squircle Polygons.
  • Utility Functions: These functions are common to all shapes and provide operations such as conversion, translation, or conditional testing.
  • Aggregator (UDA) Functions: Aggregators construct new geometric shapes from multiple aggregated geometries.
  • Services (UDS) Functions: The services extract geometric information from source files such as .shp, .gml, .kml, and .json.

The URI for the geospatial functions is <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>. For readability, the syntax for each function below includes the prefix geof:, defined as PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>.

Point and Multipoint Functions

  • ST_Point: Constructs a Point from a given set of x, y, z, and m coordinates.
  • ST_X: Returns the X coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_SetX: Sets the X coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_Y: Returns the Y coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_SetY: Sets the Y coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_Z: Returns the Z coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_SetZ: Sets the Z coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_M: Returns the M coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_SetM: Sets the M coordinate of a Point.
  • ST_Bin: Returns the bin ID of a Point.
  • ST_BinEnvelope: Returns the bin envelope for a Point or bin ID.
  • ST_MultiPoint: Constructs a MultiPoint geometry from a set of x and y coordinate pairs.
  • ST_PointN: Returns a Point that is at the Nth index position in a MultiPoint.
  • ST_GeomFromText: Constructs a Point from a given set of well known text (WKT) coordinates.
  • ST_GeomFromWKB: Constructs a Point from a given set of well known binary (WKB) coordinates.

ST_Point

This function returns a Point as a custom object constructed from a given set of x, y, z, and m coordinates. You can specify two coordinates (x and y), three coordinates (x, y, and z), or four coordinates (x, y, z, and m).

Syntax

geof:ST_Point(x, y [, z ] [, m ])
Argument Type Description
x double The X coordinate of the point.
y double The Y coordinate of the point.
z double The optional Z coordinate of the point.
m double The optional M coordinate of the point.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The point.

Example

SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_SetM(geof:ST_Point(1,2,3),4)) as ?point)

ST_X

This function returns the X coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_X(geom)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
double The X coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (MIN(?point_x) as ?3d_min)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_X(?point_2d) as ?point_x)
  BIND(geof:ST_Y(?point_2d) as ?point_y)
}

ST_SetX

This function sets the X coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_SetX(geom, x)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
x double The X coordinate point value to set.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The X coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geo:ST_SetX(geo:ST_Point(1,2),4)) as ?point)

ST_Y

This function returns the Y coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Y(geom)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
double The Y coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (MIN(?point_x) as ?3d_min)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_X(?point_2d) as ?point_x)
  BIND(geof:ST_Y(?point_2d) as ?point_y)
}

ST_SetY

This function sets the Y coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_SetY(geom, y)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
y double The Y coordinate point value to set.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The Y coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (MIN(?point_y) as ?3d_min)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_X(?point_2d) as ?point_x)
  BIND(geof:ST_Y(?point_2d) as ?point_y)
}

ST_Z

This function returns the Z coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Z(geom)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
double The Z coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (MAX(geof:ST_Z(geof:ST_Point(?point_x, ?point_y, ?point_z))) as ?3d_max)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_X(?point_2d) as ?point_x)
  BIND(geof:ST_Y(?point_2d) as ?point_y)
  BIND(32 as ?point_z)
}

ST_SetZ

This function sets the Z coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_SetZ(geom, z)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
z double The Z coordinate point value to set.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The Z coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_SetZ(geof:ST_Point(1,2),4)) as ?point_with_z_coordinate)

ST_M

This function returns the M coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_M(geom)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
double The M coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (MIN(geof:ST_M(geof:ST_Point(?point_x, ?point_y, ?point_z, ?point_m))) as ?result)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_X(?point_2d) as ?point_x)
  BIND(geof:ST_Y(?point_2d) as ?point_y)
  BIND(25 as ?point_z)
  BIND(30 as ?point_m)
}

ST_SetM

This function sets the M coordinate of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_SetM(geom, m)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
m double The M coordinate point value to set.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The M coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_SetM(geof:ST_Point(1,2,3),4)) as ?point)

ST_Bin

This function returns the bin ID of a Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Bin(binSize, geom)
Argument Type Description
binSize double The bin size.
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
long The bin ID.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT (geof:ST_Bin(10, ?point_2d) as ?union)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "0"^^xsd:long.
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
}

ST_BinEnvelope

This function returns the bin envelope for a Point geometry or bin ID. You can also return the bin envelope for multiple Points.

Syntax

geof:ST_BinEnvelope(binSize, geom)
Argument Type Description
binSize double The bin size.
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The bin envelope.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_BinEnvelope(10.0, ?point_2d)) as ?union)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "0"^^xsd:long.
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
}

ST_MultiPoint

This function returns a MultiPoint as a custom object constructed from a set of X and Y coordinate pairs. You can specify any number of X and Y coordinates.

Syntax

geof:ST_MultiPoint(x, y [, xx ] [, yy ])
Argument Type Description
x double The X coordinate value.
y double The Y coordinate value.
xx double Optional X coordinate values.
yy double Optional Y coordinate values.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The multipoint.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_MultiPoint(?x,?y,?x1,?y1,?x2,?y2)) as ?multipoint_pairs)
WHERE {
  values (?x ?y ?x1 ?y1 ?x2 ?y2) {(1.1 7.0 2 3 5 -6.7) (-2 3.4 -7.8 9.3 5.4 -1.0)}
}

ST_PointN

This function returns the Point that is at the Nth index in a MultiPoint.

Syntax

geof:ST_PointN(geom, index)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
index int The index of the point to retrieve from the specified geometry.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The point at the Nth index.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_PointN(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x) , 2)) as ?envelope)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('MULTILINESTRING M((10 10 10, 20 20 20, 10 40 30),(40 40 20, 30 30 30, 40 20 10, 30 10 20))')
    ('MULTILINESTRING M((10 10 20, 20 20 30, -10 -40 -30),(10 40 20, 30 30 30, 10 20 10, 30 10 20))')
  }
}

ST_GeomFromText

This function returns a Point as a custom object constructed from a set of well known free text (WKT) coordinates.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromText(wkt [, SRID ] )
Parameter Type Description
wkt string Input geometry in WKT string format. The geometry shape value can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.
SRID int Optional well known reference ID. If not specified, the default SRID is 0.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The point.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_MultiLineString(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?l1),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?l2))) as ?MultiLineString)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?l1 ?l2) {
    ('LINESTRING (8 7, 7 8)' 'LINESTRING (1 7, 7 8)')
    ('LINESTRING (18 17, -17 8)' 'LINESTRING (-1 7, 7 -8)')
  }
}

ST_GeomFromWKB

This function returns a Point as a custom object constructed from a set of well known binary (WKB) coordinates.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromWKB(wkb_hexstr [, wkid ] )
Parameter Type Description
wkb_hexstr string Input geometry in WKB Hex String format. The geometry shape value can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.
wkid int Optional well known reference ID. If not specified, the default is 0.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The point.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromWKB(?val)) as ?geom)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?val) {('000000000140000000000000004010000000000000')}
}

LineString and MultiLineString Functions

  • ST_LineString: Constructs a LineString from a number of Points in an array.
  • ST_StartPoint: Returns the start point of a line.
  • ST_EndPoint: Returns the end point of a line.
  • ST_IsClosed: Determines whether a line geometry is a ring.
  • ST_IsRing: Determines whether a geometry is closed.
  • ST_MultiLineString: Returns a MultiLine geometry constructed from a list of Line geometries.

ST_LineString

This function returns a LineString as a custom object constructed from a number of Points. Any number of Point geometries can be specified to form a new line.

Syntax

geof:ST_LineString(point1 [, ..., pointN])
Argument Type Description
point1–N Object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The LineString.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_LineString(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?pt1),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?pt2))) as ?line_from_points)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?pt1 ?pt2) {
    ('Point(1 1)' 'Point(-1 -2)') ('Point Z(-11 1 4)' 'Point ZM(0 9.2 -1 -2)')
  }
}

ST_StartPoint

This function returns the start point of a given line.

Syntax

geof:ST_StartPoint(line)
Argument Type Description
line Object LineString geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The start point of the line.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_StartPoint(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?line_str_wkt))) as ?start_point) (geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_EndPoint(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?line_str_wkt))) as ?end_point)
FROM <linestring>
WHERE {
  ?ln_str_ins a <http://csi.com/road_centerline/linestring>;
  <http://csi.com/road_centerline/shape> ?line_str_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/road_centerline/no_of_points> ?no_pt_ln.
}
ORDER BY desc(?no_pt_ln) desc(?line_str_wkt)
LIMIT 1

ST_EndPoint

This function returns the end point of a given line.

Syntax

geof:ST_EndPoint(line)
Argument Type Description
line Object LineString geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The end point of the line.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_StartPoint(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?line_str_wkt))) as ?start_point)
       (geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_EndPoint(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?line_str_wkt))) as ?end_point)
FROM <linestring>
WHERE {
  ?ln_str_ins a <http://csi.com/road_centerline/linestring>;
  <http://csi.com/road_centerline/shape> ?line_str_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/road_centerline/no_of_points> ?no_pt_ln.
}
ORDER BY desc(?no_pt_ln) desc(?line_str_wkt)
LIMIT 1

ST_IsClosed

This function evaluates whether a geometry is closed.

Syntax

geof:ST_IsClosed(line)
Argument Type Description
line Object LineString or MultiLineString geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the geometry is closed. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsClosed(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?ring)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('LINESTRING (30 10, 10 10, 40 40, 30 10)')('LINESTRING Z(-30.56 12 45, 10 1 -5, -67 -0.56 68, -30.56 12 45)')
  }
}

ST_IsRing

This function evaluates whether a Line geometry is a ring.

Syntax

geof:ST_IsRing(line)
Argument Type Description
line Object LineString geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the line is a ring. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsRing(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x,0)) as ?ring_simple)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1, 1 2, 2 1, 1 1, 0 0)')
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 3 4)')
  }
}

ST_MultiLineString

This function returns the MultiLine geometry constructed from a list of Line geometries. Any number of line geometries can be specified to form a new MultiLine.

Syntax

geof:ST_MultiLineString(line1 [, ..., lineN])
Argument Type Description
line1–N Object LineString geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The multiline geometry.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_MultiLineString(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?l1),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?l2))) as ?MultiLineString)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?l1 ?l2) {
    ('LINESTRING (8 7, 7 8)' 'LINESTRING (1 7, 7 8)') 
    ('LINESTRING (18 17, -17 8)' 'LINESTRING (-1 7, 7 -8)')
  }
}

Polygon Functions

  • ST_Polygon: Returns a Polygon constructed from multiple Point geometries.
  • ST_ExteriorRing: Returns the exterior ring of a Polygon.
  • ST_NumInteriorRing: Returns the number of interior rings that exist in a Polygon.
  • ST_InteriorRingN: Returns the interior ring at the Nth index position in a Polygon.
  • ST_MultiPolygon: Returns a MultiPolygon constructed from a list of Polygons.
  • ST_Circle: Returns a Circle Polygon from a radius and x, y, and z coordinates.
  • ST_CircleArc: Returns a Circle Arc Polygon from a radius and Point geometry.
  • ST_Arc: Returns an Arc line from a start angle and size angle.
  • ST_Ellipse: Returns an Ellipse Polygon from a radius and Point.
  • ST_EllipticalArc: Returns an Elliptical Arc Polygon from a radius and Point.
  • ST_Rectangle: Returns a Rectangle Polygon from a height, width, and Point.
  • ST_Squircle: Returns a Squircle Polygon from a radius and Point.
  • ST_GeomFromGML: Returns geometry based on a GML specification.

ST_Polygon

This function returns Polygon geometry constructed from multiple Point geometries.

Syntax

geof:ST_Polygon(point1 [, ..., pointN])
Argument Type Description
point1–N Object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. Any number of point geometries can be passed as input to form a new polygon but all points should have the same dimensions. That is, the specified input geometries should all be either 2D point geometries or 3D point geometries.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Polygon(geof:ST_Point(?x,?y),geof:ST_Point(?x1,?y1),
        geof:ST_Point(?x2,?y2))) as ?line_from_points)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y ?x1 ?y1 ?x2 ?y2) {
    (1.1 7.0 2 3 5 -6.7)
    (-2 3.4 -7.8 9.3 5.4 -1.0)
  }
}

ST_ExteriorRing

This function returns the exterior ring of a given Polygon geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_ExteriorRing(polygon)
Argument Type Description
polygon Object Polygon geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The exterior ring.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_ExteriorRing('POLYGON((0 0,0 3,3 3,3 0,0 0),(1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))')) as ?exterior_ring)

ST_NumInteriorRing

This function returns the number of interior rings that exist in a given Polygon.

Syntax

geof:ST_NumInteriorRing(polygon)
Argument Type Description
polygon Object Polygon geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
int The number of interior rings.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumInteriorRing(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt)) as ?polygon)
FROM <polygon>
WHERE {
  ?multi_pt a <http://csi.com/national_weather_service_wind_gust_forecast/polygon>;
  <http://csi.com/national_weather_service_wind_gust_forecast/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/national_weather_service_wind_gust_forecast/id> "0"^^xsd:int.
}

ST_InteriorRingN

This function returns the interior ring at the Nth index position in a Polygon.

Syntax

geof:ST_InteriorRingN(polygon, n)
Argument Type Description
polygon Object Polygon geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
n int The index of the interior ring to retrieve from the specified polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The interior ring.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_InteriorRingN(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),1)) as ?interiorRing)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POLYGON((0 0,0 3,3 3,3 0,0 0),(1 1,1 2,2 2,2 1,1 1))')
    ('POLYGON((2 2, 6 4, 6 10, -2 10, -2 4, 2 2),(1 5, 3 5, 3 7, 1 7))')
  }
}

ST_MultiPolygon

This function returns MultiPolygon constructed from a list of Polygons. Any number of Polygon geometries can be specified as input.

Syntax

geof:ST_MultiPolygon(polygon1 [, ..., polygonN])
Argument Type Description
polygon1–N Object Polygon geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The multipolygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_MultiPolygon(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?p1),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?p2))) as ?agg_multipolygon)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?p1 ?p2) {
    ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 3, 3 0))' 'POLYGON ((11 12,-11 -12,11 -12))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 2,-2 -3,9.2 -4.5))' 'POLYGON ((-1 -2, -4.5 -17, -5.6 -78))')
  }
}

ST_Circle

This function returns a Circle Polygon from a given radius and Point.

Syntax

geof:ST_Circle(geom, radius, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
radius double The radius of the circle polygon.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new circle polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The circle polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Circle((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),3,10)) as ?circle_polygon)

ST_CircleArc

This function returns a Circular Arc Polygon from the given radius parameters and Point arguments.

Syntax

geof:ST_CircleArc(geom, startRad, sizeRad, radius, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
startRad double The start angle in radians.
sizeRad double The size of the angle in radians.
radius double The radius of the circular arc polygon.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The circular arc polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_CircleArc((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),5,10,3,10)) as ?circle_arc_polygon)

ST_Arc

This function returns an Arc given a center point, radius, start and size angle, and number of Points arguments.

Syntax

geof:ST_Arc(x, y, radius, startRad, sizeRad, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
x double The X coordinate of the center used to draw the arc.
y double The Y coordinate of the center used to draw the arc.
radius double The radius of the arc.
startRad double The start angle in radians.
sizeRad double The size of the angle in radians.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new arc.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The arc.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Arc(1,2,5,10,20,4)) as ?Arc)

ST_Ellipse

This function returns an Ellipse Polygon based on a given radius and Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Ellipse(geom, xRadius, yRadius, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
xRaduis double The X radius for the ellipse polygon.
yRadius double The Y radius for the ellipse polygon.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new ellipse polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The ellipse polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Ellipse((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),2,3,10)) as ?ellipse_polygon)

ST_EllipticalArc

This function returns an Elliptical Arc Polygon from the given radius and Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_EllipseArc(geom, startRad, sizeRad, width, height, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
startRad double The start angle in radians.
sizeRad double The size of the angle in radians.
width double The width of the elliptical arc.
height double The height of the elliptical arc.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new elliptical arc polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The elliptical arc polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_EllipticalArc((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),5,10,3,10,10)) as ?elliptical_arc_polygon)

ST_Rectangle

This function returns a Rectangle Polygon from a given height, width, and Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Rectangle(geom, width, height, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
width double The width of the rectangle.
height double The height of the rectangle.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new rectangle polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The rectangle polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Rectangle((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),3,2,10)) as ?rectangle_polygon)

ST_Squircle

This function returns a Squircle Polygon from a given radius and Point geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Squircle(geom, radius, numOfPoints)
Argument Type Description
geom object Point geometry in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.
raduis double The radius of the squircle polygon.
numOfPoints int The number of points to use to represent the new squircle polygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The squircle polygon.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Squircle((geof:ST_Point(1,2)),3,10)) as ?squircle_polygon)

ST_GeomFromGML

This function returns geometry based on a GML specification.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromGML(gml)
Parameter Type Description
gml string Input geometry in GMLLiteral format. The geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The geometry.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromGML(geof:ST_AsGML(geof:ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 2)')))) as ?geometryGml)

Utility Functions

  • ST_MinX: Returns the minimum value of the X coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MaxX: Returns the maximum value of the X coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MinY: Returns the minimum value of the Y coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MaxY: Returns the maximum value of the Y coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MinZ: Returns the minimum value of Z coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MaxZ: Returns the maximum value of Z coordinate for a geometry.
  • ST_MinM: Returns the minimum measure value for a geometry.
  • ST_MaxM: Returns the maximum measure value for a geometry.

Serialization

  • ST_AsGeoJSON: Returns a GeoJSON representation of a shape.
  • ST_AsJSON: Returns a JSON representation of a shape.
  • ST_AsBinary: Returns a binary object from a geometry.
  • ST_AsText: Returns a well known text (WKT) representation of a shape.
  • ST_AsGML: Returns geometry from a GML representation of a shape.
  • ST_AsWktLiteral: Returns a URL from WKT representation of a geometry.
  • ST_AsGmlLiteral: Returns a URL from GML representation of a geometry.
  • ST_AsWKB_HEX: Returns a hex string from WKB representation of a geometry.

Logical, Comparison, and Relational Operations

  • ST_Is3D: Determines if a geometry object is three-dimensional.
  • ST_IsEmpty: Determines if a geometry object is empty.
  • ST_IsMeasured: Determines if a geometry object is measured.
  • ST_IsSimple: Determines if a geometry object is simple.
  • ST_Crosses: Determines if geometry1 crosses geometry2.
  • ST_Contains: Determines if geometry1 contains geometry2.
  • ST_Disjoint: Determines if geometry1 has any Points in common with geometry2.
  • ST_Equals: Determines if geometry1 equals geometry2.
  • ST_Intersects: Determines if geometry1 intersects geometry2.
  • ST_Overlaps: Determines if geometry1 overlaps geometry2.
  • ST_Touches: Determines if geometry1 touches geometry2.
  • ST_Within: Determines if geometry1 is within geometry2.
  • ST_EnvIntersects: Determines if the envelopes of geometry1 and geometry2 intersect.
  • ST_Relate: Determines if geometry1 has the specified DE-9IM relationship with geometry2.

Conversion, Calculation, and Translation

  • ST_Distance: Returns the distance between two geometry objects.
  • ST_Boundary: Returns the boundary of a given geometry.
  • ST_Intersection: Returns the intersection of two geometry objects.
  • ST_Difference: Returns the difference between two geometry objects.
  • ST_SymDifference: Returns the symmetric difference between two geometry objects.
  • ST_SRID: Returns the spatial reference ID of a geometry.
  • ST_SetSRID: Sets the spatial reference ID of a geometry and returns its coordinates.
  • ST_Dimension: Returns the spatial dimension of a geometry.
  • ST_Length: Returns the length of a Line.
  • ST_Area: Returns the area of a Polygon or MultiPolygon.
  • ST_CoordDim: Returns the count of coordinate components.
  • ST_Envelope: Returns the envelope of a geometry.
  • ST_GeometryType: Returns the geometry type of a geometry.
  • ST_Union: Returns the union of one or more geometries.
  • ST_NumPoints: Returns the number of Points in a geometry.
  • ST_NumGeometries: Returns the number of geometries in a multi-geometry shape.
  • ST_GeometryN: Returns the Nth geometry in a multi-geometry shape.
  • ST_Centroid: Returns the centroid of a geometry.
  • ST_Buffer: Returns the geometry buffered by distance.
  • ST_ConvexHull: Returns the convex hull of one or more geometries.
  • ST_GeodesicLengthWGS84: Returns the distance (in meters) along a Line of a WGS84 spheroid for geographic coordinates.
  • ST_GeomFromJSON: Returns the geometry from a JSON representation of a shape.
  • ST_GeomFromGeoJSON: Returns the geometry from a GeoJSON representation of a shape.
  • ST_LatLonFromDMSToDD: Returns latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.
  • ST_GeomFromWktLiteral: Returns geometry object from a WKT representation of a shape.
  • ST_GeomFromGmlLiteral: Returns geometry object from a GML representation of a shape.
  • ST_ConvertCoordinates: Return coordinates converted from one coordinate system to another.
  • ST_IsValidWKT: Validates whether a given WKT representation is correct.
  • ST_IsValidGeoJSON: Validates whether a given geoJSON representation is correct.
  • ST_Translate: Transforms a geometry with given shift values.
  • ST_Scale: Scales a geometry to a new size using scale factor arguments.
  • ST_Shear: Shears a geometry around an axis using shearing arguments.
  • ST_Rotate: Rotates geometry around the origin using rotation arguments.

ST_MinX

This function returns the minimum value of the X coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MinX(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The minimum value of the X coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_MinX(?z1) as ?minX)
WHERE {
   SELECT (geof:ST_Point(?x, ?y, ?z, ?m) as ?z1)
   WHERE {
      VALUES (?x ?y ?z ?m) {
       (1.1 2.2 3.2 1) (1.2 3.1 1.1 2)  (8.2 3.2 9.2 3)
    }
  }
}

ST_MaxX

This function returns the maximum value of the X coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MaxX(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The maximum value of the X coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT ?no_pt_ln ?xmin ?xmax ?ymin ?ymax
FROM <multipoint>
WHERE {
  ?ln_str_ins a <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/multipoint>;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/no_of_points> ?no_pt_ln;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt) as ?geo_shp)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinX(?geo_shp) as ?xmin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxX(?geo_shp) as ?xmax)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinY(?geo_shp) as ?ymin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxY(?geo_shp) as ?ymax)
}
ORDER BY desc(?no_pt_ln)
LIMIT 1

ST_MinY

This function returns the minimum value of the Y coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MinY(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The minimum value of the Y coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT ?no_pt_ln ?xmin ?xmax ?ymin ?ymax
FROM <multipoint>
WHERE {
  ?ln_str_ins a <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/multipoint>;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/no_of_points> ?no_pt_ln;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt) as ?geo_shp)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinX(?geo_shp) as ?xmin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxX(?geo_shp) as ?xmax)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinY(?geo_shp) as ?ymin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxY(?geo_shp) as ?ymax)
}
ORDER BY desc(?no_pt_ln)
LIMIT 1

ST_MaxY

This function returns the maximum value of the Y coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MaxY(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The maximum value of the Y coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT ?no_pt_ln ?xmin ?xmax ?ymin ?ymax
FROM <multipoint>
WHERE {
  ?ln_str_ins a <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/multipoint>;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/wind_speed_at_block_group_level/no_of_points> ?no_pt_ln;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt) as ?geo_shp)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinX(?geo_shp) as ?xmin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxX(?geo_shp) as ?xmax)
  BIND(geof:ST_MinY(?geo_shp) as ?ymin)
  BIND(geof:ST_MaxY(?geo_shp) as ?ymax)
}
ORDER BY desc(?no_pt_ln)
LIMIT 1

ST_MinZ

This function returns the minimum value of the Z coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MinZ(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The minimum value of the Z coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_MinZ(geof:ST_GeomFromText("LINESTRING Z(10 12 1, 22 20 2, 1 40 3)")) as ?minZ)

ST_MaxZ

This function returns the maximum value of the Z coordinate for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MaxZ(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The maximum value of the Z coordinate.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_MaxZ(geof:ST_GeomFromText("LINESTRING Z(10 12 1, 22 20 2, 1 40 3)")) as ?maxZ)

ST_MinM

This function returns the minimum value of measure for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MinM(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The minimum value of measure.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_MinM(geof:ST_GeomFromText("LINESTRING ZM(10 12 1 2.1, 22 20 2 1.2, 1 40 3 4.3)")) as ?maxZ)

ST_MaxM

This function returns the maximum value of measure for a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_MaxM(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The maximum value of measure.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_MaxM(geof:ST_GeomFromText("LINESTRING ZM(10 12 1 2.1, 22 20 2 1.2, 1 40 3 4.3)")) as ?maxZ)

ST_AsGeoJSON

This function returns a GeoJSON representation of a geometric shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The GeoJSON representation of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsValidGeoJSON(geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(4 6,7 10)'))) as ?is_valid_geojson)

ST_AsJSON

This function returns a JSON representation of a geometric shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsJSON(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The JSON representation of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromJSON(geof:ST_AsJSON(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)))) as ?line_from_json)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 2 2)') ('LINESTRING Z(8 -7 -1, -7 -1 8)')
  }
}

ST_AsBinary

This function returns a binary object from a given geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsBinary(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The binary object.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsBinary(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?binary)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x) {
     ('GeometryCollection(Point(1 1),LineString(2 2, 3 3),Point(4 0))')
   }
}

ST_AsText

This function returns the well known text (WKT) representation of a geometric shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsText(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The WKT representation of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Circle((geo:ST_Point(1,2)),3,10)) as ?circle_polygon)

ST_AsGML

This function returns geometry from the GML representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsGML(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The geometry.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsGML(geof:ST_Point(1.1,-6.7)) as ?point)

ST_AsWktLiteral

This function returns a URI from a well known text (WKT) representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsWktLiteral(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The WKT URI representation of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:sfContains(?x,geof:ST_AsWktLiteral(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y))) as ?url)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
      ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84>POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
      ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84>POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'Point (1 2)')
   }
}

ST_AsGmlLiteral

This function returns a URI from the GML representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsGmlLiteral(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The GmlLiteral URI representation of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
SELECT (geof:sfContains(?x,geof:ST_AsGmlLiteral(?y)) as ?url)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
      ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' '<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))'^^geo:wktLiteral)
      ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' '<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>Point (1 2)'^^geo:wktLiteral)
   }
}

ST_AsWKB_HEX

This function returns a hex string from the WKB representation of a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_AsWKB_HEX(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The hex string.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsWKB_HEX(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?hex)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x) {
     ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))')
   }
}

ST_Is3D

This function evaluates whether the specified geometry object is three-dimensional.

Syntax

geof:ST_Is3D(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the geometry is 3D. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Is3D(geof:ST_Point(?x,?y,?z)) as ?is3DGeometry)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y ?z) {
     (1.1 2.2 3.2) (1.2 3.1 -1.1) (-0.6 8.2 3.2)
  }
}

ST_IsEmpty

This function evaluates whether the specified geometry object is empty.

Syntax

geof:ST_IsEmpty(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the geometry is empty. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsEmpty(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?empty)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x) {('point empty')}
}

ST_IsMeasured

This function evaluates whether a given geometry object is measured.

Syntax

geof:ST_IsMeasured(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the geometry is measured. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsMeasured(geof:ST_Point(?x,?y,?z,?m)) as ?measured)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y ?z ?m) {
     (1.1 2.2 3.2 3)
     (1.2 3.1 -1.1 1)
     (2 -0.6 8.2 3.2)
  }
}

ST_IsSimple

This function evaluates whether a given geometry object is simple.

Syntax

geof:ST_IsSimple(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the geometry is simple. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsSimple(geof:ST_Point(?x, ?y)) as ?simple)
WHERE { 
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
     (2 3)
     (-1000 -234234)
  }
}

ST_Crosses

This function evaluates whether geometry1 crosses geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Crosses(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry crosses the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Crosses(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?crosses)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {('LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 0, 0 1)')
                  ('LINESTRING (0 2, 0 1)' 'LINESTRING (2 0, 1 0)')}
}

ST_Contains

This function evaluates whether geometry1 contains geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Contains(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry contains the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Contains(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?contains)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {('POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))' 'Point (-106.4453583 39.11775)')
                  ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'Point (2 3)')
                  ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'Point (7 8)')}
}

ST_Disjoint

This function evaluates whether geometry1 is disjoint with geometry2, i.e., whether geometry1 has any points in common with geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Disjoint(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry is disjoint with the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Disjoint(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?disjoint)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 0 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 1, 1 0)')
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 0 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 0, 0 1)')
  }
}

ST_Equals

This function evaluates whether geometry1 equals geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Equals(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry equals the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Equals(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?equals)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 1, 0 0)')
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 0 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 0, 0 1)')
  }
}

ST_Intersects

This function determines if geometry1 intersects geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Intersects(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry intersects the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Intersects(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?intersects)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
     ('LINESTRING (8 7, 7 8)' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
     ('LINESTRING (2 0, 2 3)' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 4 1, 4 4, 1 4))')
  }
}

ST_Overlaps

This function evaluates whether geometry1 overlaps geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Overlaps(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry overlaps the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Overlaps(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?overlaps)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 1 3))' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
    ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'POLYGON ((2 0, 2 3, 3 0))')
  }
}

ST_Touches

This function evaluates whether geometry1 touches geometry2, i.e., whether they have any points in common.

Syntax

geof:ST_Touches(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry touches the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Touches(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?touches)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))' 'Point (-106.4453583 39.11775)')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'Point (1 2)')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'Point (7 8)')
  }
}

ST_Within

This function evaluates whether geometry1 is within geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Within(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry is within the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Within(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?is_point_within_polygon)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('Point (-106.4453583 39.11775)' 'POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))')
    ('Point (2 3)' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' )
    ('Point (7 8)' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
  }
}

ST_EnvIntersects

This function evaluates whether the envelopes of geometry1 and geometry2 intersect.

Syntax

geof:ST_EnvIntersects(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the envelopes of geometry1 and geometry2 intersect. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_EnvIntersects(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?env_intersects)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
     ('LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1)' 'LINESTRING (1 3, 2 2)')
     ('LINESTRING (0 0, 2 2)' 'LINESTRING (1 0, 3 2)')
  }
}

ST_Relate

This function evaluates whether geometry1 has the specified DE-9IM relationship with geometry2.

Syntax

geof:ST_Relate(geom1, geom2, "pattern_matrix")
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
pattern_matrix string Represents a DE-9IM intersection pattern consisting of T (true) and F (false) values. For example, "T*F***FF*".

Returns

Type Description
boolean True if the first geometry has the specified DE-9IM relationship with the second geometry. False if not.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Relate(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y),?z) as ?relate)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y ?z) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 3 3)' 'LINESTRING (1 1, 4 4)' 'T********')
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 3 3)' 'LINESTRING (1 1, 4 4)' '****T****')
  }
}

ST_Distance

This function returns the distance between two geometry objects.

Syntax

geof:ST_Distance(geom1, geom2 [ , units ] [, isSpherical ])
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
units URI Optional Unit URI having one of the following values: uom:minute, uom:second, uom:centimeter, uom:centimetre, uom:degree, uom:foot, uom:grad, uom:inch, uom:kilometer, uom:kilometre, uom:meter, uom:metre, uom:microRadian, uom:mile, uom:millimeter, uom:millimetre, uom:nauticalMile, uom:radian, uom:statuteMile, uom:surveyFootUS, or uom:yard.
isSpherical boolean This flag allows the ST_Distance function to explicitly control computation of the shortest spherical distance between two geometries. If isSpherical is true, the function computes the shortest spherical distance between the two geometries using only the geom1 SRID to detect axis order. The function then performs spherical calculation based on the Earth mean radius (6,371,008.7714).

Returns

Type Description
double The distance between the geometries.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX uom: <http://www.opengis.net/def/uom/OGC/1.0/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Distance(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y)) as ?distance)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
     ('Point (0 0)' 'Point (3 4)')
     ('Point (0 0)' 'Point (2 3)')
  }
}

ST_Boundary

This function returns the boundary of a given geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Boundary(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The boundary of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Boundary(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x))) as ?boundary)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 1))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))')
  }
}

ST_Intersection

This function returns the intersection of two geometry objects.

Syntax

geof:ST_Intersection(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The intersection between the geometries.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Intersection(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y))) as ?intersection)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x ?y) {
     ('LINESTRING (8 7, 7 8)' 'LINESTRING (2 0, 2 3)')
     ('LINESTRING (0 2, 0 0, 2 0)' 'LINESTRING (0 3, 0 1, 1 0, 3 0)')
  }
}

ST_Difference

This function returns the difference between two geometry objects.

Syntax

geof:ST_Difference(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The difference between the geometries.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Difference(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y))) as ?difference)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))' 'POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))')
    ('POLYGON ((0 0, 0 10, 10 10, 10 0))' 'POLYGON ((0 0, 0 5, 5 5, 5 0))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1,4 1, 4 4,1 4))' 'POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))')
  }
}

ST_SymDifference

This function returns the symmetric difference between two geometry objects.

Syntax

geof:ST_SymDifference(geom1, geom2)
Parameter Type Description
geom1, geom2 Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The symmetric difference.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_SymDifference(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x),geof:ST_GeomFromText(?y))) as ?difference)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x ?y) {
    ('POLYGON ((0 0, 2 0, 2 2, 0 2, 0 0))' 'POLYGON ((1 1, 3 1, 3 3, 1 3, 1 1))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1, 1 4, 4 4, 4 1))' 'POLYGON ((30 10 , 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))')
    ('POLYGON ((0 0, 0 10, 10 10, 10 0))' 'POLYGON ((0 0, 0 5, 5 5, 5 0))')
    ('POLYGON ((1 1,4 1, 4 4,1 4))' 'POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))')
  }
}

ST_SRID

This function returns the spatial reference ID of a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_SRID(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
int The SRID.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_SRID(geof:ST_SetSRID(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x) , 4326)) as ?SRID)
WHERE {
   VALUES (?x) {
    ('Point (1.5 2.5)') ('Point (23.45 -78.90)')
  }
}

ST_SetSRID

This function sets the spatial reference ID of a geometry and returns its coordinates.

Syntax

geof:ST_SetSRID(geom, wkid)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
wkid int The well known reference ID.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The coordinates.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_SRID(geof:ST_SetSRID(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x) , 4326)) as ?SRID)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('Point (1.5 2.5)') ('Point (23.45 -78.90)')
  }
}

ST_Dimension

This function returns the spatial dimension of a given geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Dimension(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
int The spatial dimension.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Dimension(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?Dimension)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('Point (1.5 2.5)') ('Point (23.45 -78.90)')
  }
}

ST_Length

This function returns the length of a Line.

Syntax

geof:ST_Length(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The length of the shape.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Length(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?geometry_length)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 1 2),(10 10, 20 10))')
    ('MULTILINESTRING ((10 30, 20 20, 30 40),(40 20, 30 30, 40 20, 30 10))')
  }
}

ST_Area

This function returns the area of a Polygon or MultiPolygon.

Syntax

geof:ST_Area(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The area of geometry as follows:
  • The planar area is returned if a geometry is passed without an SRID.
  • The geodesic area is returned if a geometry is passed with SRID 4326 /CRS84.
  • The spherial area is returned if a geometry is passed with SRID 4047.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_Area(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?Area)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POLYGON ((0 0, 0 8, 8 0, 0 0), (1 1, 1 5, 5 1, 1 1))')
    ('multipolygon (((10 40, 20 10, 50 10, 60 40, 50 70, 20 70),(25 20, 45 20, 45 60, 25 60)), ((30 30, 40 30, 35 50)))')
  }
}

ST_CoordDim

This function returns the count of coordinate components.

Syntax

geof:ST_CoordDim(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double The count of coordinate components.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_CoordDim(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?coordinate_dimension)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('Point (1.5 2.5)') ('Point Z(23.45 -78.90 3)')
  }
}

ST_Envelope

This function returns the envelope of a given geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Envelope(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The envelope.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Envelope(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x))) as ?envelope)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 3, 3 0))') ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))')
  }
}

ST_GeometryType

This function returns the geometry type of a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeometryType(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
string The geometry type.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_GeometryType(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?geometry_type)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 3, 3 0))') ('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 1, 3 1))')
  }
}

ST_Union

This function returns the union of one or more geometries. Any number of geometries can be specified as input.

Syntax

geof:ST_Union(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
Parameter Type Description
geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The union of geometries.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumPoints(geof:ST_Union(?point_2d, ?point_2d1)) as ?union)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape.
  ?point1 a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape1;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape1) as ?point_2d1)
}

ST_NumPoints

This function returns the number of Points in a geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_NumPoints(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
int The number of points.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumPoints(geof:ST_Union(?point_2d, ?point_2d1)) as ?union)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape.
  ?point1 a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/id> "1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape1;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape1) as ?point_2d1)
}

ST_NumGeometries

This function returns the number of geometries in a multi-geometry shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_NumGeometries(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
int The number of geometries.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumGeometries(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt)) as ?multi_polygon)
FROM <multipolygon>
WHERE {
  ?multi_pt a <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/multipolygon>;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/id> "0"^^xsd:int.
}

ST_GeometryN

This function returns the Nth geometry in a multi-geometry shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeometryN(geom, index)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
index int The index of the geometry to be retrieved.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The Nth geometry.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>#
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeometryN(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt), 1)) as ?multi_polygon)
FROM <multipolygon>
WHERE {
  ?multi_pt a <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/multipolygon>;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/id> "0"^^xsd:int.
}

ST_Centroid

This function returns the centroid of a given geometry.

Syntax

geof:ST_Centroid(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object The centroid.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Centroid(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt))) as ?multi_polygon)
FROM <multipolygon>
WHERE {
  ?multi_pt a <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/multipolygon>;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/id> "0"^^xsd:int.
}

ST_Buffer

This function returns the geometry buffered by distance.

Syntax

geof:ST_Buffer(geom, distance)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
distance double The distance value to use to get the buffer of geometry.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Geometry buffered by distance.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Buffer(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?multi_pt_wkt), 1)) as ?multi_polygon)
FROM <multipolygon>
WHERE {
  ?multi_pt a <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/multipolygon>;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/shape> ?multi_pt_wkt;
  <http://csi.com/maryland_Shellfish__historic_oyster_plantings/id> "0"^^xsd:int.
}

ST_ConvexHull

This function returns the convex hull of one or more geometries. Any number of geometries can be specified as input.

Syntax

geof:ST_ConvexHull(geom1 [, ..., geomN ])
Parameter Type Description
geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Convex hull.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_ConvexHull(geof:ST_GeomFromText('point(0 0)'),
        geof:ST_GeomFromText('point(0 1)'), geof:ST_GeomFromText('point(1 1)'))) 
        as ?convex_hull)

ST_GeodesicLengthWGS84

This function returns the distance (in meters) along a line of a WGS84 spheroid for geographic coordinates.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeodesicLengthWGS84(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
double Distance in meters.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_GeodesicLengthWGS84(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)) as ?geodesic_length)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>LineString(0 0, 0.03 0.04)') 
    ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>MultiLineString((0 80, 0.03 80.04))')
  }
}

ST_GeomFromJSON

This function returns geometry from a JSON representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromJSON(json)
Parameter Type Description
json string Input geometry in JSON string format. The Geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Geometry object.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromJSON(geof:ST_AsJSON(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)))) as ?line_from_json)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('LINESTRING (0 0, 2 2)') ('LINESTRING Z(8 -7 -1, -7 -1 8)')
  }
}

ST_GeomFromGeoJSON

This function returns geometry from a GeoJSON representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(geojson)
Parameter Type Description
geojson string Input geometry in GeoJSON string format. The Geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Geometry object.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x)))) as ?point_from_geojson)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('POINT(10 40)')('POINT Z(-2 30 -11)')
  }
}

ST_LatLonFromDMSToDD

This function returns the latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.

Syntax

geof:ST_LatLonFromDMSToDD(degrees, minutes, seconds, direction)
Parameter Type Description
degrees double Latitude and longitude degrees value.
minutes double Latitude and longitude minutes value.
seconds double Latitude and longitude seconds value.
direction URI Direction values (E/W/S/N) in URI format: geof:E, geof:W, geof:S, or geof:N.

Returns

Type Description
double Latitude and longitude in degrees.

Example

PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_LatLonFromDMSToDD(137,24,13,geof:S) as ?longitude_decimal_degree)

ST_GeomFromWktLiteral

This function returns a Custom object from a WKT literal string.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromWktLiteral(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom WKT Literal Input geometry in WKT Literal format. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Geometry object.

Example

PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromWktLiteral(?x)) as ?is_contains)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326>Point(33.95 -83.38)'^^geo:wktLiteral)
  }
}

ST_GeomFromGmlLiteral

This function returns geometry from a GML representation of a shape.

Syntax

geof:ST_GeomFromGmlLiteral(geom)
Parameter Type Description
geom GMLLiteral Input geometry shape value in GMLLiteral format. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, or Multipolygon.

Returns

Type Description
Custom object Geometry object.

Example

PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_GeomFromGmlLiteral(?x)) as ?is_contains)
WHERE {
  VALUES (?x) {
    ('<gml:LineString gml:id="p21" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326"><gml:coordinates>2,0 2,3</gml:coordinates></gml:LineString>'^^geo:gmlLiteral)
  }
}

ST_ConvertCoordinates

This function converts coordinates from one coordinate system to another.

Syntax

geof:ST_ConvertCoordinates(x, y, z, sourceSys, destSys)
Parameter Type Description
x, y, z double The x, y, z inputs depend on the type of conversion performed:
  • Cartesian to Spherical Coordinates: x, y, z
  • Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates: rad, latitude, longitude
  • Cartesian to Elliptical Coordinates: x, y, z
  • Elliptical to Cartesian Coordinates: latitude, longitude,height
  • Cartesian to Cylindrical Coordinates: x,y,z
  • Cylindrical to Cartesian Coordinates: radius, longitude, z
  • Cylindrical to Spherical Coordinates: radius, longitude, height
  • Spherical to Cylindrical Coordinates: radius, latitude, longitude
sourceSys, destSys URI
  • String constants indicating source and destination coordinate systems. The sourceSys and destSys arguments can be passed as constants such as geof:CARTESIAN, geof:SPHERICAL, geof:CYLINDRICAL, and geof:ELLIPTICAL.
    		•

    Returns

    Type Description
    string Converted coordinates.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_ConvertCoordinates(2,3,8,geof:CARTESIAN,geof:SPHERICAL) as ?transformed_point)

    ST_IsValidWKT

    This function validates whether a given WKT representation is correct.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_IsValidWKT(wkt)
    Parameter Type Description
    wkt string Geometry shape value in WKT string format. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    boolean True if the WKT representation is correct. False if it is not.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsValidWKT('LINESTRING(4 6,7 10)') as ?is_valid_wkt)

    ST_IsValidGeoJSON

    This function validates whether a given geoJSON representation is correct.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_IsValidGeoJSON(geojson)
    Parameter Type Description
    geojson string Geometry shape value in GeoJson string format. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    boolean True if the geoJSON representation is correct. False if it is not.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_IsValidGeoJSON(geof:ST_AsGeoJSON(geof:ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(4 6,7 10)'))) as ?is_valid_geojson)

    ST_Translate

    This function transforms a geometry with given shift values.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Translate(geom, x_delta, y_delta [ , z_delta ])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
    x_delta double Shift value for the X coordinate.
    y_delta double Shift value for the Y coordinate.
    z_delta double Optional shift value for the Z coordinate. For 2D translations, only the x_delta and y_delta arguments are required.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Translate(geof:ST_GeomFromText('POINT Z(14 12 10)'),1.5,2.3, -13.7)) as ?transformed_point)

    ST_Scale

    This function returns Point geometry translated with given scaling factor values.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Scale(geom, x_sf, y_sf [, z_sf])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
    x_sf double Scaling factor for the X coordinate.
    y_sf double Scaling factor for the Y coordinate.
    z_sf double Optional scaling factor for the Z coordinate. For 2D scaling, only the x_sf and y_sf arguments are required.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Point geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Scale(geof:ST_GeomFromText('POINT (14 12)'),2,3)) as ?scaled_point)

    ST_Shear

    This function returns Point geometry translated with given shear values.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Shear(geom, x_shear, y_shear [, z_shear])

    Values can be passed as string constants like geo:X, geo:Y, or geo:Z . The shearing factor for x, y, and z coordinates should be passed in X, Y, and Z order.

    Parameter Type Description
    geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
    x_shear double Shearing factor for the X coordinate. This value is the axis along which shearing is to be done.
    y_shear double Shearing factor for the Y coordinate.
    z_shear double Optional shearing factor for the Z coordinate. For 2D shearing, only the x_shear and y_shear arguments are required.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Point geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Shear(geof:ST_GeomFromText('POINT (1 1)'),geof:X,2,2)) as ?scaled_point)

    ST_Rotate

    This function returns Point geometry translated with given rotate values.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Rotate(geom, angle_rads, axis)
    Parameter Type Description
    geom Object Geometry shape value in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.
    angle_rads double The angle (in radians) that represents the rotational angle.
    axis URI The axis on which the 2d or 3d rotation is performed. This is the X, Y, or Z axis depending on the direction to rotate. The value can be passed as a string constant like geo:X, geo:Y, or geo:Z.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Point geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Rotate(geof:ST_GeomFromText('POINT Z(1 2 3)'),1.5708,geof:Z)) as ?rotate_point)

    Aggregator (UDA) Functions

    ST_Aggr_Union

    This aggregate returns the union of geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_Union(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object The union of geometries.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumPoints(geof:ST_Aggr_Union(?point_2d)) as ?union)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;  
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
}

    ST_Aggr_LineString

    This aggregate returns Line geometry constructed from a number of Point geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_LineString(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Line geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Aggr_LineString(?point)) as ?ST_Aggr_LineString)
WHERE {
  SELECT (geof:ST_Point(?x, ?y) as ?point)
  WHERE {
    VALUES (?x ?y) {(1 2)(2 3)(-1 2)(-2 -3)(-2 -1)}
  }
}

    ST_Aggr_MultiLineString

    This aggregate returns MultiLine geometry constructed from a number of line geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_MultiLineString(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object LineString or MultiLineString geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object MultiLine geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Aggr_MultiLineString(?point)) as ?agg_multiline)
WHERE {
  SELECT (geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x) as ?point)
  WHERE {
    VALUES (?x) {('LINESTRING (8 7, 7 8)')('LINESTRING (1 7, 7 8)')}
  }
}

    ST_Aggr_MultiPoint

    This aggregate returns MultiPoint geometry constructed from a number of Point geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_MultiPoint(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Point geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object MultiPoint geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Aggr_Multipoint(?point)) as ?agg_multipoint)
WHERE {
  SELECT (geof:ST_Point(?x, ?y) as ?point)
  WHERE {
    VALUES (?x ?y) {(1 2)(2 3)
    }
  }
}

    ST_Aggr_Polygon

    Using aggregate Point geometries, this aggregate returns Polygon geometry constructed from a number of Point geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_Polygon(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Point or Polygon geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Polygon geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Aggr_Polygon(?point)) as ?agg_polygon)
WHERE {
  SELECT (geof:ST_Point(?x, ?y) as ?point)
  WHERE {
    VALUES (?x ?y) {(1 2)(2 3)(-1 2)(-2 -1)(-2 -3)
    }
  }
}

    ST_Aggr_MultiPolygon

    This aggregate returns MultiPolygon geometry constructed from multiple polygon geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_MultiPolygon(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Polygon geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object MultiPolygon geometry.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_AsText(geof:ST_Aggr_MultiPolygon(?point)) as ?agg_multipolygon)
WHERE {
  SELECT (geof:ST_GeomFromText(?x) as ?point)
  WHERE {
    VALUES (?x) {('POLYGON ((2 0, 2 3, 3 0))')('POLYGON ((11 12,-11 -12,11 -12))')
    }
  }
}

    ST_Aggr_ConvexHull

    This aggregate returns the convex hull from the specified geometries. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_ConvexHull(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object The convex hull from the geometries.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumPoints(geof:ST_Aggr_ConvexHull(?point_2d)) as ?convex_hull)
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
}

    ST_Aggr_Intersection

    This aggregate returns the intersection of given geometries that have the same SRID. Any number of geometries can be passed as input.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_Aggr_Intersection(geom1 [, ..., geomN])
    Parameter Type Description
    geom1–N Object Geometry shape values in WKT string format, WKTLiteral, GMLLiteral, or the Graph Lakehouse Custom OGCGeometry data type. The input geometry shape can be a Point, Multipoint, LineString, MultiLineString, Polygon, Multipolygon, or GeometryCollection.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object The intersection between geometries.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT (geof:ST_NumPoints(geof:ST_Aggr_Intersection(?point_2d)) as ?union
FROM <point>
WHERE {
  ?point a <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/point>;
  <http://csi.com/geologic_units_24k/shape> ?shape;
  BIND(geof:ST_GeomFromText(?shape) as ?point_2d)
}

    Services (UDS) Functions

    • ST_ReadSHP: Returns geometry objects extracted from a Shapefile (SHP).
    • ST_ReadKML: Returns geometry objects extracted from a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file.
    • ST_ReadGeoJSON: Returns geometry objects extracted from a JSON file.
    • ST_ReadText: Returns geometry objects extracted from a Well-Known Text (WKT) file.
    • ST_ReadGML: Returns geometry objects extracted from a Geography Markup Language (GML) file.
    • ST_ReadWKB: Returns geometry objects extracted from an OpenGIS Well-known Binary (WKB) file.

    ST_ReadSHP

    This function returns geometry objects extracted from a .shp file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadSHP("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .shp file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT *
WHERE {
  SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadSHP>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/Road_Centerline.shp"){}
}

    ST_ReadKML

    This function returns geometry objects and properties extracted from a .kml file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadKML("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .kml file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT * WHERE {
   SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadKML>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/Snow_Emergency_Routes.kml") {}
}

    ST_ReadGeoJSON

    This function returns geometry objects and properties extracted from a .json file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadGeoJSON("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .json file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT * WHERE {   
  SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadGeoJSON>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/geometry_collection.json") {} 
}

    ST_ReadText

    This function returns geometry objects and properties extracted from a .wkt file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadText("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .wkt file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT * WHERE {   
  SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadText>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/single_geometryWkt.wkt") {} 
}

    ST_ReadGML

    This function returns geometry objects and properties extracted from a .gml file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadGML("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .gml file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT * WHERE {   
  SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadGML>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/single_geometryGml.gml") {} 
}

    ST_ReadWKB

    This function returns geometry objects and properties extracted from .wkb file.

    Syntax

    geof:ST_ReadWKB("/path/file")
    Parameter Type Description
    /path/file string The location and file name of the .wkb file to read.

    Returns

    Type Description
    Custom object Objects extracted from the file.

    Example

    PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
SELECT * WHERE {   
  SERVICE <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/ST_ReadWKB>("{CURRENT_DIR}/../data/single_geometryWkb.wkb") {} 
}